Theory behind the Hall effect

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First of all, we need to understand what electric current is. Electric current is basically the flow of charged particles through a conducting path. These charged particles can be “negatively charged electrons” or even “positively charged holes” (empty spaces where electrons should be). Now let’s get to the topic.

If we take a thin conducting plate (as shown above in Fig. 1 and repeated below for ease of reading) and connect it to a circuit with a battery (voltage source), then current will start to flow through it. The charge carriers will flow in a straight line from one end of the plate to the other end.

Since the charge carriers are in motion, they will create a magnetic field. Now, when you place a magnet near the plate, its magnetic field will distort the magnetic field of the charge carriers. This will upset the direct flow of charge carriers. The force that disrupts the direction of the flow of charge carriers is called the Lorentz force.

Due to the distortion of the charge carriers in the magnetic field, the negatively charged electrons will be deflected to one side of the plate and the positively charged holes to the other side. This is why a potential difference (also called Hall voltage) will be generated between both sides of the plate, which can be measured with a meter.



This effect is known as the Hall effect. The stronger the portugal mobile database field, the more electrons will be deflected. This means that the higher the current, the more electrons will be deflected. And the more electrons are deflected, the greater the potential difference between the two sides of the plate. So we can say that:

The Hall voltage is directly proportional to the electric current, and directly proportional to the applied magnetic field.
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