Broadly speaking, Google usually makes two types of changes:

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Google Updates, which are minor optimizations designed to adjust some aspects of the algorithm, improving its performance in specific areas. They usually do not have noticeable effects on search results, unless quality SEO is not being implemented.
Google Core Updates, which are updates to the entire algorithm and, therefore, affect the positioning of a site in the SERPs. In other words, Google Updates are punctual, but Core Updates generally modify the way in which Google processes information.
There are too many Google Updates and, normally, Google does not even inform users that they have been made. However, Core Updates are usually notified. Let's see, then, which of these were the most important in recent years and how they affected SEO.
Panda (2011)
It took place in 2011 and was the first major update to venezuela telegram data Google's algorithm. With Panda, websites began to be evaluated based on the quality of their content. Original pages that provided value to users were rewarded over those with duplicate content. User interaction with a website began to be relevant as a ranking factor.

Black Penguin (2012) was still in fashion, so the second algorithm update that was released was Penguin. This update came to monitor the health of the link building of websites. In short, Google Penguin checks that the external links sent to the pages are natural and of quality.

Before Penguin, the more external links a site had, the better positions it achieved. After Penguin, sites that appeared in link farms or that were linked on pages of dubious reputation, lost positions. In other words, the authority of the linking site and the relevance of the link to the page in question began to have more weight.