The stated objective is to accelerate the digital transformation for the benefit of users while strictly respecting cybersecurity and the protection of citizens' and businesses' data.
Since the cloud is not limited to a simple hosting base, administrations are encouraged to review the way they design and produce new digital services. The doctrine proposes using three types of cloud depending on the applications: private cloud, trusted cloud or public cloud.
See: https://www.numerique.gouv.fr/services/cloud/doctrine/
See Trusted Cloud, SecNumCloud
Trusted Cloud
A trusted cloud is a cloud offering with ANSSI and SecNumCloud qualification and immunity from any extraterritorial regulation such as the Cloud Act . The objective of this labeling is to guarantee a level of security equivalent to state private clouds for all administrations.
See https://www.numerique.gouv.fr/services/cloud/
See ANSSI, SecNumCloud
Hybrid cloud
The hybrid cloud combines the advantages of the public cloud and the private cloud . It allows the use of both the company's local resources and those offered by CSPs or public cloud providers, offering security adapted to different uses and the possibility of using managed services .
Hybridization provides flexibility and adaptation to specific needs; however, these benefits must be considered in light of the increasing complexity linked to the multiplication of technologies.
See Public Cloud, Private Cloud
Not to be confused with Multi-Cloud
Cloud native
This often used term has two variations.
Meaning 1. Cloud native, as proposed by hyperscalers , is an approach to software development and deployment that relies on cloud technologies and takes advantage of the environments and services offered by infrastructures, such as containers, microservices and managed services . This strategy optimizes the TTM at the expense of a dependency on a supplier, which can go as far as vendor lock-in .
Meaning 2. Cloud native as per CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation) advocates the use of generic, agnostic and open source cloud resources to create loosely coupled, resilient, manageable and observable applications based on containers .
See : https://www.cncf.io/
Private Cloud
A private cloud is a cloud infrastructure dedicated exclusively to a single organization. It is typically hosted on-premises, in a private data center, and is managed by the organization itself or by a third party. The motivation for a private cloud is to control the data stored and processed, as well as to minimize exposure of company-specific equipment, services, or data.
The economic model of a private cloud is quite close to the traditional model, based on the investment of dedicated machines but with the flexibility of cloud technologies.
Public cloud
Public cloud is a computing deployment model where resources are provided by CSPs over the Internet. These resources are billed on a pay-as-you-go basis, sometimes with subscriptions or licensing costs added.
Cloud Service Provider or CSP
A Cloud Service Provider or CSP is a company that provides cloud services such as data storage, application hosting, as well as development platforms and service or hardware infrastructure. CSPs rely on a shared cloud infrastructure, with some services being dedicated.
Among the CSPs, we can identify a particular category formed by the hyperscalers , which claim a global base and an often plethora of managed services .
List of major hyperscaler CSPs: Alibaba, AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform, IBMCloud. These hyperscalers are all American or Chinese.
List of other main CSPs: Ionos, Outscale, OVHcloud, Scaleway.
The CSPsEuropeans base their growth on the European internal market, often starting from their national base. They take into consideration the specificities of the European or even French market, in particular regulatory issues such as the GDPR or SecNumCloud .
Sovereign Cloud
Faced with hyperscalers and in order to respond to the sovereignty issues of sovereign services, the concept of sovereign cloud emerged at the beginning of the 2010s. It aimed to offer a cloud offering hosted and operated by French players such as Numergy or CloudWatt.
These offerings have now disappeared and the concept of sovereign cloud has been replaced by the trusted cloud .
Container, Containerization
Cloud containerization is an application deployment method that uses containers to encapsulate code and its dependencies into a single unit. Containers are portable and can be easily deployed across different cloud platforms. This approach enables efficient resource management, rapid scaling for applications in the cloud.
Container management is today an essential element of the cloud that is present in all CSPs .
See Kubernetes
Datacenter
A data center is a data center that houses computer equipment and servers to store and process large amounts of data. It ensures the availability and security of data. Data centers can be operated internally or outsourced to a service provider specializing in data hosting. Data centers are very energy intensive , the PUE is the indicator of their energy efficiency.
Availability
Cloud availability refers to the ability of cloud services to be accessible and functional to users according to their needs and expectations. It can be measured as the percentage of time that services are available and ready for use. CSPs increase the availability of their offerings by distributing and replicating data across multiple data centers.
See Region
Elasticity
Elasticity is a key feature of the cloud that allows resources to be dynamically adjusted based on demand. Elasticity in the cloud is made possible through automation and resource management tools, such as containers or serverless architecture .
See Energy
Energy is essential to operate data centers composed of servers taiwan telegram data cooling equipment and other components requiring a constant power supply. Given the high demand for electricity, data centers are located close to power plants. The CO2 impact of data centers is therefore directly linked to the energy mix of these plants. Operational efficiency is measured via the PUE .
See PUE
FaaS
FaaS or Function-as-a-Service is a cloud model that allows to execute stateless functions. The developer only provides the source code of these functions that will be called with event logic. FaaS is a component of the Serverless architecture , which is much broader.
These architectures are also called Lambda, lambda calculus being an approach where everything is a function.
Not to be confused with Serverless.